Error Code 0x0000005D while installing Windows 8

In those two machines, someone probably disabled NX. Go into the BIOS settings and see if you can enable it and retry the installation. It may be called something like "processor security", "execution prevention", "DEP" or similar. Windows 8 will not install on a machine without this enabled: http://www.jermsmit.com/?p=1829

The previous answers are helpful. However, there are some important details regarding Error Code 0x0000005D that seem to be not well-documented.

• Most documentation indicates that this error is associated with installing Windows 8. However, this error seems to occur because of new requirements in Win8 PE. It could occur if you were installing Windows 7 from a build that was created using MDT 2012. I realize that you can hack the MDT 2012 script to use Win7 PE instead of Win8 PE but this isn't recommended. I have also read threads pertaining to this error and SCCM.
• Some Pentium 4s and other really old hardware (about the time XP SP2 was released) predate this particular security feature and therefore no BIOS settings can be modified in order to make Win8 setup work. For this older hardware, you should continue install Windows 7 using a build created with MDT 2010.

The following document contains additional relevant details: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/hh975398.aspx?ppud=4

For those using VirtualBox you need to manually run the following command:

"c:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox\VBoxManage.exe" setextradata "VM Name" VBoxInternal/CPUM/CMPXCHG16B 1

Source: https://forums.virtualbox.org/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=56196