Https websites don't open in any browser

After turning my laptop on as usually on 14.05.2020, I have unsuccesfully tried opening https websites on Chrome, Firefox and Microsoft Edge. Chrome shows me NET::ERR_CERT_AUTHORITY_INVALID error. Similar error in other browsers. Http websites work. I found the following solutions, but none worked: I tried disabling ESET, disabling its SSL/TLS filtering feature. Running browsers in incognito mode. I also tried uninstalling the latest Windows update (it updated on 13.05.2020, so before the day I noticed the issue), it said there was an error, not all the updates were uninstalled successfully. I have Windows 10 Education x64 v 1803, build 17134.1488. I checked the time, it was correct, changed it to a different one, no change. I reset the system network settings, still nothing. Cleared the SSL buffer. Reset DNS to 8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4. In the certmgr under Trusted Root Certification Authority -> Certificates I only had "ESET SSL Filter CA". I tried manually importing certificates according to advice on http://woshub.com/updating-trusted-root-certificates-in-windows-10/ but it hasn't worked either. I suspect the problem lies in the Windows update. The download started on 13.05.2020 at 19:19. I see in browser history that the first https error appeared on 13.05.2020 at 19:36, but the same website worked a minute later, so I must have dismissed the issue. I stopped using the computer shortly after, I don't remember if I turned it off. The next day no https website opened. I tried downloading and installing again the two Windows updates from 13.05 manually, after clearing temp files, but I get error 0x800b0109: "A certificate chain processed, but terminated in a root certificate which is not trusted by the trust provider". Updates troubleshooter doesn't work. I also tried using DISM, sfc/scannow, chkdsk. Has anyone had a similar issue and come up with a solution?