Cannot install Windows 10 - error codes 0xc0000098 and 0xc00002c4

I'm trying to install Windows 10 on an old Thinkpad R60. Since I don't have any other installation media, I created a bootable Windows 10 USB stick following this tutorial. The tutorial works and I was able to install Windows 10 this way in the past. The system was set up for dual boot Windows 10 + Linux Mint Debian Edition 4, but after finishing a lengthy and involved installation process, I was only able to boot into LMDE from the GRUB menu. When selecting Windows 10, the screen just turned black for a moment and returned to the GRUB menu, which is why now I'm reinstalling Windows 10 only.

To do this, I started Tails from another USB stick and used disks to format the HDD to NTFS. One bad sector was displayed, but the HDD used to work fine. Afterwards, I rebooted and plugged in the Windows 10 installation stick. The Windows logo appears, but the installation process interrupts with the following bluescreen:

Recovery

Your PC/Device needs to be repaired

An unexpected error has occurred.

Error code: 0xc0000098

You'll need to use recovery tools. If you don't have any installation media (like a disc or USB device), contact your PC administrator or PC/Device manufacturer.

Press Enter to try again

Press F8 for Startup Settings

When I press Enter, the screen blacks out for a moment and returns to the bluescreen. When I press F8, the screen blacks out for a moment and returns to a similar bluescreen, but with error code 0xc00002c4.

What could be the problem? Is it possible that a single bad sector is triggering this error?

I urgently need this system to be set up for work, as I currently do not have any alternatives. Any help is much appreciated.