WIFI 6 Card not working even though the computer detects it and up to date drivers are installed

I have run into a dead end here. I am trying to install an Intel AX200 WIFI + Bluetooth network card onto my desktop PC. I connected it to a PCIe port that had more slots than needed but I read that this should be fine. Additionally, a cable from the network card was connected to one of the USB inputs of the mainboard for the Bluetooth. My problem is that I never got the WIFI to work (only the Bluetooth).

What I tried on windows: On Windows, the device is found in the device manager. I have installed the newest drivers and later checked if they are up to date using the Intel Driver Support Assistant. The Bluetooth drivers instantly functioned as intended. However, the WIFI drivers never really worked. I tried reinstalling them a couple of times. Sometimes they did not work at all (Code 10 error in device manager), sometimes there were no errors and it even showed some of the available wifi networks, but I could not connect to them.

What I tried on Ubuntu: To further trace the error I also tried the same things on Ubuntu. Here the drivers installed automatically with the system update and I am on an up to date kernel version 5.3.0-42-generic. I also found the up to date drivers (same as on Intel's download page) in /lib/firmware. By all means, it feels like I have the up to date drivers installed. lshw -C network returns the following

   description: Network controller
   product: Intel Corporation
   vendor: Intel Corporation
   physical id: 0
   bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
   version: 1a
   width: 64 bits
   clock: 33MHz
   capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix bus_master cap_list
   configuration: driver=iwlwifi latency=0
   resources: irq:16 memory:f0100000-f0103fff

   ....other network devices follow...

This also looks like the drivers are properly installed? Now I am wondering what I may have missed/done wrong. Of course, it is suspicious that the WiFi neither works on Windows nor on Ubuntu. The WiFi works when using another USB-WiFi Dongle.

This is what I see when trying to start WIFI

• Could it be that my mainboard does not support WIFI 6? Or does basically every mainboard support WIFI 6 if you connect the proper network card to it?
• Maybe I did not properly install the network card into the PCIe slot (I have no experience in installing computer parts). Then again, it looks like I can only install the card in this orientation. Could it still be installed wrong even if it already shows up on both Windows and Ubuntu?
• What else could be causing problems?

Thank you guys for any help!

EDIT

So in the device manager I usually find the following errors. First, I get an error 430 (device needs more installations), then an error 400 with the following info (I tried translating):

The device PCI\VEN_8086&DEV_2723&SUBSYS_00848086&REV_1A\4&63638ad&0&0008 was configured.

driver name: oem20.inf
class-GUID: {4d36e972-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318}
driver data: 02/25/2020
driver version: 21.80.2.1
driver producer: Intel
driver part: Install_MPCIEX_GENM21_200_AX_2x2_HMC_WINT_64_AX
driver rank: 0xFC0001
matching device-id: PCI\VEN_8086&DEV_2723&SUBSYS_00848086
device with lowest rank: 
**device was updatet: false**
Superordinated device: PCI\VEN_8086&DEV_0C01&SUBSYS_0C011849&REV_06\3&11583659&0&08 

I marked the 'device was update: false' line because it sounds suspicious. After this, I get an error 411 (there was a problem when starting the device).

Treibername: oem20.inf
Klassen-GUID: {4d36e972-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318}
Dienst: Netwtw08
Untere Filter: 
Obere Filter: vwifibus
Problem: 0xA
Problemstatus: 0xC0000001

By now I have so often uninstalled/reinstalled the drivers on windows that I really fear that I might have corrupted something. Can I get a more clean deinstallation of drivers then simply deleting them in the device manager?

Edit 2

Running Ubuntu dmesg |grep iwl, I found a long list of error dumps for the iwlwifi (that's the right device/driver). I of course tried googling and understand them but can't yet make any sense of them.

2.501969] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: TLV_FW_FSEQ_VERSION: FSEQ Version: 43.2.23.17
[    2.501973] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Found debug destination: EXTERNAL_DRAM
[    2.501975] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Found debug configuration: 0
[    2.502243] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: loaded firmware version 48.4fa0041f.0 op_mode iwlmvm
[    2.546727] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Detected Intel(R) Wi-Fi 6 AX200 160MHz, REV=0x340
[    2.557738] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Applying debug destination EXTERNAL_DRAM
[    2.558114] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Allocated 0x00400000 bytes for firmware monitor.
[    3.569736] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Collecting data: trigger 15 fired.
[    3.569815] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Start IWL Error Log Dump:
[    3.569818] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Status: 0x00000000, count: 6
[    3.569820] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Loaded firmware version: 48.4fa0041f.0
[    3.569822] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x00000071 | NMI_INTERRUPT_UMAC_FATAL    
[    3.569823] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x0020A2F0 | trm_hw_status0
[    3.569825] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x00000000 | trm_hw_status1
[    3.569826] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x004F8E3C | branchlink2
[    3.569827] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x004E4FF4 | interruptlink1
[    3.569829] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x004E4FF4 | interruptlink2
[    3.569830] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x004F3DB0 | data1
[    3.569831] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x00001000 | data2
[    3.569832] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0xF0000000 | data3
[    3.569833] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x00000000 | beacon time
[    3.569834] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x00008C13 | tsf low
[    3.569835] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x00000000 | tsf hi
[    3.569837] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x00000000 | time gp1
[    3.569838] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x0000EF36 | time gp2
[    3.569840] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x00000001 | uCode revision type
[    3.569841] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x00000030 | uCode version major
[    3.569842] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x4FA0041F | uCode version minor
[    3.569844] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x00000340 | hw version
[    3.569845] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x00C89000 | board version
[    3.569846] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x8002FF03 | hcmd
[    3.569848] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x20020000 | isr0
[    3.569849] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x00000000 | isr1
[    3.569850] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x08F00002 | isr2
[    3.569852] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x00C0000C | isr3
[    3.569853] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x00000000 | isr4
[    3.569854] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x00000000 | last cmd Id
[    3.569855] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x004F3DB0 | wait_event
[    3.569856] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x00000000 | l2p_control
[    3.569858] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x00000020 | l2p_duration
[    3.569859] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x00000000 | l2p_mhvalid
[    3.569860] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x00000000 | l2p_addr_match
[    3.569862] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x00000009 | lmpm_pmg_sel
[    3.569863] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x00000000 | timestamp
[    3.569864] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x0000F81C | flow_handler
[    3.569889] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Start IWL Error Log Dump:
[    3.569890] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Status: 0x00000000, count: 7
[    3.569892] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x201000A3 | ADVANCED_SYSASSERT
[    3.569893] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x00000000 | umac branchlink1
[    3.569895] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0xC008CC3C | umac branchlink2
[    3.569896] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0xC0087660 | umac interruptlink1
[    3.569898] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x00000000 | umac interruptlink2
[    3.569899] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0xDEADBEEF | umac data1
[    3.569900] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0xDEADBEEF | umac data2
[    3.569902] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0xDEADBEEF | umac data3
[    3.569903] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x00000030 | umac major
[    3.569904] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x4FA0041F | umac minor
[    3.569906] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x0000EF2A | frame pointer
[    3.569907] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0xC0886C1C | stack pointer
[    3.569909] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x0000FFFF | last host cmd
[    3.569910] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x00000000 | isr status reg
[    3.569916] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Fseq Registers:
[    3.569919] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x20000000 | FSEQ_ERROR_CODE
[    3.569923] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x80290001 | FSEQ_TOP_INIT_VERSION
[    3.569926] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x80050008 | FSEQ_CNVIO_INIT_VERSION
[    3.569929] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x0000A503 | FSEQ_OTP_VERSION
[    3.569933] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x80000003 | FSEQ_TOP_CONTENT_VERSION
[    3.569936] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x4552414E | FSEQ_ALIVE_TOKEN
[    3.569939] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x00100530 | FSEQ_CNVI_ID
[    3.569942] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x00000532 | FSEQ_CNVR_ID
[    3.569945] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x00100530 | CNVI_AUX_MISC_CHIP
[    3.569950] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x00000532 | CNVR_AUX_MISC_CHIP
[    3.569956] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x05B0905B | CNVR_SCU_SD_REGS_SD_REG_DIG_DCDC_VTRIM
[    3.569961] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: 0x0000025B | CNVR_SCU_SD_REGS_SD_REG_ACTIVE_VDIG_MIRROR
[    3.569978] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: SecBoot CPU1 Status: 0x614c, CPU2 Status: 0x3
[    3.569980] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Failed to start RT ucode: -110
[    3.569983] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Firmware not running - cannot dump error
[    3.581765] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Failed to run INIT ucode: -110