Windows 10 update from 1803 to 1909 fails

My Windows 10 repeatedly fails to update. Today I decided to make a day of getting it to upgrade - and after a day of installing I'm no better off.

The Windows Update tool fails and rolls back with no explanation, so I downloaded the ISO, mounted it, and ran setup.exe from a Windows session.

It ran until 85%, then rolled back, giving the error:

0xC1900101 - 0c4000D
The installation failed in the SECOND_BOOT phase with an error during MIGRATE_DATA operation

I checked C:\Windows\Panther\NewOs\Panther\setuperr.log and found the following, which I don't understand:

2020-02-07 15:15:22, Error                 CSI    00000001 (F) STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND #10# from Windows::Rtl::SystemImplementation::DirectRegistryProvider::SysQueryValueKey(flags = 0, key = 990 ('\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\Setup'), vn = [l:7 ml:8]'Compact', kvic = 2, kvi = 2, disp = 0)[gle=0xd0000034]
2020-02-07 15:15:22, Error                 CSI    00000002 (F) STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND #9# from Windows::Rtl::SystemImplementation::CKey::QueryValue(flags = 0, kn = [l:31]'\Registry\Machine\SYSTEM\Setup\', vn = [l:7 ml:8]'Compact', ic = KeyValuePartialInformation, info = {l:0 b:}, disp = 0)[gle=0xd0000034]
2020-02-07 15:15:24, Error                 MOUPG  CDlpActionImpl<class CDlpErrorImpl<class CDlpObjectInternalImpl<class CUnknownImpl<class IMoSetupDlpAction> > > >::Suspend(1253): Result = 0xC1800104[gle=0x00000002]
2020-02-07 15:15:24, Error                 MOUPG  CDlpTask::CheckUserInterruptEx(3060): Result = 0x800704D3
2020-02-07 15:15:24, Error                 MOUPG  CDlpTask::CheckUserInterrupt(3112): Result = 0x800704D3
2020-02-07 15:15:24, Error                 MOUPG  CSetupManager::ExecuteInstallMode(794): Result = 0x800705BB
2020-02-07 15:15:24, Error                 MOUPG  CSetupManager::ExecuteDownlevelMode(392): Result = 0x800705BB
2020-02-07 15:15:24, Error                 MOUPG  CSetupManager::Execute(284): Result = 0x800705BB
2020-02-07 15:15:24, Error                 MOUPG  CSetupHost::Execute(420): Result = 0x800705BB
2020-02-07 15:15:34, Error                 MOUPG  CSetupResponseTemplate<class IDlpResponse>::OnCancel(238): Result = 0x800704C7
2020-02-07 15:15:34, Error                 MOUPG  CSetupResponseTemplate<class IDlpResponse>::ExecuteRoutine(143): Result = 0x800704C7
2020-02-07 15:15:34, Error                 MOUPG  CDlpResponseImpl<class CDlpErrorImpl<class CDlpObjectInternalImpl<class CUnknownImpl<class IDlpResponse> > > >::Execute(1923): Result = 0x800704C7
2020-02-07 15:15:34, Error                 MOUPG  CDlpActionImpl<class CDlpErrorImpl<class CDlpObjectInternalImpl<class CUnknownImpl<class ICompatAction> > > >::ExecuteResponse(1365): Result = 0x800704C7
2020-02-07 15:15:34, Error                 MOUPG  CDlpActionCompat::ExecuteSysReqScan(806): Result = 0xC1900201
2020-02-07 15:15:34, Error                 MOUPG  CDlpActionCompat::ExecuteRoutine(635): Result = 0xC1900201
2020-02-07 15:15:34, Error                 MOUPG  CDlpActionImpl<class CDlpErrorImpl<class CDlpObjectInternalImpl<class CUnknownImpl<class ICompatAction> > > >::Execute(493): Result = 0xC1900201
2020-02-07 15:15:34, Error                 MOUPG  CDlpTask::ExecuteAction(3300): Result = 0xC1900201
2020-02-07 15:15:34, Error                 MOUPG  CDlpTask::ExecuteActions(3454): Result = 0xC1900201
2020-02-07 15:15:34, Error                 MOUPG  CDlpTask::Execute(1631): Result = 0xC1900201
2020-02-07 15:15:34, Error                 MOUPG  CSetupManager::ExecuteTask(2582): Result = 0xC1900201
2020-02-07 15:15:34, Error                 MOUPG  CSetupManager::ExecuteTask(2545): Result = 0xC1900201
2020-02-07 15:15:34, Error                 MOUPG  CSetupManager::ExecuteInstallMode(786): Result = 0xC1900201
2020-02-07 15:15:34, Error                 MOUPG  CSetupManager::ExecuteDownlevelMode(392): Result = 0xC1900201
2020-02-07 15:15:36, Error                 MOUPG  CDlpTask::Cancel(982): Result = 0xC1800104[gle=0x00000003]
2020-02-07 15:15:36, Error                 MOUPG  CDlpTask::Cancel(986): Result = 0xC180010A[gle=0x00000003]
2020-02-07 15:15:36, Error                 MOUPG  CDlpTask::Cancel(982): Result = 0xC1800104[gle=0x00000003]
2020-02-07 15:15:36, Error                 MOUPG  CSetupManager::Execute(284): Result = 0xC1900201
2020-02-07 15:15:36, Error                 MOUPG  CSetupHost::Execute(420): Result = 0xC1900201

I've also tried DISM, but that failed with

Error: 0x80080005
DISM failed. No operation was performed.

The DISM log errors near the end:

DISM   DISM.EXE: Attempting to add the commands from provider: SetupPlatformManager
2020-02-07 17:20:10, Info                  DISM   DISM.EXE: Succesfully registered commands for the provider: SetupPlatformManager.
2020-02-07 17:20:10, Info                  DISM   DISM Package Manager: PID=22844 TID=21284 Processing the top level command token(cleanup-image). - CPackageManagerCLIHandler::Private_ValidateCmdLine
2020-02-07 17:20:10, Info                  DISM   DISM Package Manager: PID=22844 TID=21284 Attempting to route to appropriate command handler. - CPackageManagerCLIHandler::ExecuteCmdLine
2020-02-07 17:20:10, Info                  DISM   DISM Package Manager: PID=22844 TID=21284 Routing the command... - CPackageManagerCLIHandler::ExecuteCmdLine
2020-02-07 17:20:10, Info                  DISM   DISM Package Manager: PID=22844 TID=21284 CBS session options=0x40100! - CDISMPackageManager::Internal_Finalize
2020-02-07 17:25:50, Error                 DISM   DISM Package Manager: PID=22844 TID=21284 Failed finalizing changes. - CDISMPackageManager::Internal_Finalize(hr:0x80080005)
2020-02-07 17:25:50, Error                 DISM   DISM Package Manager: PID=22844 TID=21284 Failed processing package changes with session option CbsSessionOptionRepairStoreCorruption - CDISMPackageManager::RestoreHealth(hr:0x80080005)
2020-02-07 17:25:50, Error                 DISM   DISM Package Manager: PID=22844 TID=21284 Failed to restore the image health. - CPackageManagerCLIHandler::ProcessCmdLine_CleanupImage(hr:0x80080005)
2020-02-07 17:25:50, Error                 DISM   DISM Package Manager: PID=22844 TID=21284 Failed while processing command cleanup-image. - CPackageManagerCLIHandler::ExecuteCmdLine(hr:0x80080005)
2020-02-07 17:25:50, Info                  DISM   DISM Package Manager: PID=22844 TID=21284 Further logs for online package and feature related operations can be found at %WINDIR%\logs\CBS\cbs.log - CPackageManagerCLIHandler::ExecuteCmdLine
2020-02-07 17:25:50, Error                 DISM   DISM.EXE: DISM Package Manager processed the command line but failed. HRESULT=80080005

The CBS.log referenced by DISM has many of these:

 2020-02-07 17:25:19, Info                  CBS    Failed to create CBS worker - waiting for a second and trying again [HRESULT = 0x80080005]

Can anyone help decipher these logs and point me to what is preventing Windows from upgrading?

General stats:

• Win 10 Pro
• 32 GB Ram
• i9-7900X
• Windows installed to a 476GB SSD with 36GB free