Windows 7 won't boot after last update from January, 2020

I have Windows 7 and Linux Mint (19.3, Cinnamon), both 64-bit as a dual boot on my PC. Windows 7 is installed on my HDD and Linux Mint on my SSD.

Today I installed the latest update (from January 14th, 2020). I know that Windows 7's support has ended, but I want to continue to use it on my PC.

When I try to boot Windows I get this Windows Boot Manager screen:

Windows Boot Manager  

Windows failed to start. A recent hardware or software change might be the cause.  
To fix the problem:

  1. Insert your Windows installation disc and restart your computer. 
  2. Choose your language settings, and then click "Next."
  3. Click "repair your computer."

If you don't have this disc, contact your system administrator or computer
manufacturer for assistance. 

  File: \EFI\Microsoft\Boot\BCD

  Status: 0xc000000f

  Info: An error occured while attempting to read the boot configuration data.

Of course the first thing I tried was inserting my Windows 7 DVD and restarting the computer, but unfortunately, when I click on Repair your computer it tells me that the Windows version on my DVD is not compatible with the Windows version that is installed on my PC, so I can't use that to fix this issue. I used Google to find some more help, but most of the search results were about using the (not compatible anymore) Windows 7 DVD, so that didn't help me.

There is also a free bootable live CD/USB called Rescatux that can repair the Windows bootloader. Rescatux has a graphical interface with a menu of operating system rescue tasks. You select the option to repair the Windows bootloader and it tries to repair the Windows bootloader.

Boot options:

• (>=0.41 beta 1) Update UEFI order
• (>=0.41 beta 1) Create a new UEFI Boot entry
• (>=0.41 beta 1) UEFI Partition Status
• (>=0.41 beta 1) Fake Microsoft Windows UEFI
• (>=0.41 beta 1) Hide Microsoft Windows UEFI
• (>=0.41 beta 1) Reinstall Microsoft Windows EFI
• (>=0.41 beta 1) Check UEFI Boot

GRUB options:

• (>=0.40 beta 11) Easy GNU/Linux Boot Fix
• Restore GRUB and GRUB2
• (>=0.31 beta 4) Update any GRUB2 menu
• Update Debian/Ubuntu GRUB menus

Windows options:

• Restore Windows MBR (BETA)
• Clear Windows passwords
• (>=0.31 beta 4) Promote a Windows user to Administrator role
• (>=0.41 beta 1) Reinstall Microsoft Windows EFI
• (>=0.31 beta 4) Unlock Windows user

Password options:

• Change GNU/Linux Password
• Regenerate sudoers file
• Clear Windows passwords

Expert tools:

• Boot-Repair
• GParted
• OS-Uninstaller
• Clean-Ubiquity
• PhotoRec
• TestDisk

^{Rescapp is a nice wizard that will guide you through your rescue tasks.}

How to make a Rescatux live USB

• From Windows

  Download Universal USB Installer (recommended at Rescatux Wiki ) and open the Universal USB Installer application, insert a USB flash drive, select your USB drive, and select the Rescatux iso file to write to the USB drive. Be very careful when you select the USB drive that you don't select one of the partitions on your hard drive by accident, which will result in overwriting all of the data on that partition and all the data that was on that partition will be lost.

  Note: If you are working with 0.30 beta 4 (or newer) version you should extract the iso which it is found inside the iso you have downloaded ( boot/boot-isos folder ) and use that instead of the downloaded iso.

• From Linux

  Follow the instructions at How to make a Rescatux USB.

  To prevent overwriting a partition on your hard drive by accident and losing all the data on that partition, make sure you know which is your USB device before you write the Rescatux iso.