Windows 10 start menu, task bar and more not working. Crashes with Cortana / SearchUI.exe / ShellExperienceHost.exe

Recently a lot of Windows features stopped working on my Surface Pro (2017) with Windows 10 Pro.

E.g. can't open start menu, Edge, system settings. On top of that, WiFi network adapter stopped working - so using ethernet connection via Surface Dock.

The following errors pop up in EventViewer when attempting to open Windows start menu (see below).

Without success, already tried to:

• dism /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth

• Get-AppXPackage -Name Microsoft.Windows.Cortana | foreach {Add-Appxpackage -DisableDevelopmentMode -Register "$($_.InstallLocation)\AppXManifest.xml"}

• Reset this PC.

Faulting application name: SearchUI.exe, version: 10.0.17134.706, time stamp: 0x5ca3141a
Faulting module name: SearchUI.exe, version: 10.0.17134.706, time stamp: 0x5ca3141a
Exception code: 0xc0000005
Fault offset: 0x0000000000078112
Faulting process ID: 0x2328
Faulting application start time: 0x01d4f2ddd7f474dc
Faulting application path: C:\Windows\SystemApps\Microsoft.Windows.Cortana_cw5n1h2txyewy\SearchUI.exe
Faulting module path: C:\Windows\SystemApps\Microsoft.Windows.Cortana_cw5n1h2txyewy\SearchUI.exe
Report ID: c157ae71-fa52-4d0d-af84-045c53e6ece3
Faulting package full name: Microsoft.Windows.Cortana_1.8.12.15063_neutral_neutral_cw5n1h2txyewy
Faulting package-relative application ID: CortanaUI

- <Event xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/win/2004/08/events/event">
- <System>
  <Provider Name="Application Error" /> 
  <EventID Qualifiers="0">1000</EventID> 
  <Level>2</Level> 
  <Task>100</Task> 
  <Keywords>0x80000000000000</Keywords> 
  <TimeCreated SystemTime="2019-04-14T16:19:32.769172000Z" /> 
  <EventRecordID>1730</EventRecordID> 
  <Channel>Application</Channel> 
  <Computer>DESKTOP-1DSICIH</Computer> 
  <Security /> 
  </System>
- <EventData>
  <Data>SearchUI.exe</Data> 
  <Data>10.0.17134.706</Data> 
  <Data>5ca3141a</Data> 
  <Data>SearchUI.exe</Data> 
  <Data>10.0.17134.706</Data> 
  <Data>5ca3141a</Data> 
  <Data>c0000005</Data> 
  <Data>0000000000078112</Data> 
  <Data>2328</Data> 
  <Data>01d4f2ddd7f474dc</Data> 
  <Data>C:\Windows\SystemApps\Microsoft.Windows.Cortana_cw5n1h2txyewy\SearchUI.exe</Data> 
  <Data>C:\Windows\SystemApps\Microsoft.Windows.Cortana_cw5n1h2txyewy\SearchUI.exe</Data> 
  <Data>c157ae71-fa52-4d0d-af84-045c53e6ece3</Data> 
  <Data>Microsoft.Windows.Cortana_1.8.12.15063_neutral_neutral_cw5n1h2txyewy</Data> 
  <Data>CortanaUI</Data> 
  </EventData>
  </Event>

Faulting application name: ShellExperienceHost.exe, version: 10.0.17134.1, time stamp: 0x5ace103a
Faulting module name: twinapi.appcore.dll, version: 10.0.17134.137, time stamp: 0xb5d50228
Exception code: 0xc000027b
Fault offset: 0x000000000009cad5
Faulting process ID: 0x2198
Faulting application start time: 0x01d4f2ddd7e0d41b
Faulting application path: C:\Windows\SystemApps\ShellExperienceHost_cw5n1h2txyewy\ShellExperienceHost.exe
Faulting module path: C:\Windows\System32\twinapi.appcore.dll
Report ID: 80a26228-b289-4ba8-ab3c-eb50b975ccdc
Faulting package full name: Microsoft.Windows.ShellExperienceHost_10.0.15063.0_neutral_neutral_cw5n1h2txyewy
Faulting package-relative application ID: App

- <Event xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/win/2004/08/events/event">
- <System>
  <Provider Name="Application Error" /> 
  <EventID Qualifiers="0">1000</EventID> 
  <Level>2</Level> 
  <Task>100</Task> 
  <Keywords>0x80000000000000</Keywords> 
  <TimeCreated SystemTime="2019-04-14T16:19:32.722308300Z" /> 
  <EventRecordID>1729</EventRecordID> 
  <Channel>Application</Channel> 
  <Computer>DESKTOP-1DSICIH</Computer> 
  <Security /> 
  </System>
- <EventData>
  <Data>ShellExperienceHost.exe</Data> 
  <Data>10.0.17134.1</Data> 
  <Data>5ace103a</Data> 
  <Data>twinapi.appcore.dll</Data> 
  <Data>10.0.17134.137</Data> 
  <Data>b5d50228</Data> 
  <Data>c000027b</Data> 
  <Data>000000000009cad5</Data> 
  <Data>2198</Data> 
  <Data>01d4f2ddd7e0d41b</Data> 
  <Data>C:\Windows\SystemApps\ShellExperienceHost_cw5n1h2txyewy\ShellExperienceHost.exe</Data> 
  <Data>C:\Windows\System32\twinapi.appcore.dll</Data> 
  <Data>80a26228-b289-4ba8-ab3c-eb50b975ccdc</Data> 
  <Data>Microsoft.Windows.ShellExperienceHost_10.0.15063.0_neutral_neutral_cw5n1h2txyewy</Data> 
  <Data>App</Data> 
  </EventData>
  </Event>

Seems to be a known issue. RDS host, server 2016, with profiles on UPD. Case open with Microsoft, reply from support engineer:

the below symptom could be a known issue:

“with User Profile redirected to an additional data disk (such as UPD configured). Cortana (SearchUI.exe) and SEH (ShellExperienceHost.exe) will crash and not work on every single profile.”

No fix yet.