File: \boot\BCD Status: 0xc00000e9 Windows 7 Boot-up error

I have a Lenovo B540 series AIO. The computer was working fine and everything seemed okay until this error randomly showed up when I turned on the computer. I had used the computer a few hours before this and even then it worked fine. Also, I haven't installed any new software recently. The error says:

Windows Boot Manager  

Windows failed to start. A recent hardware or software change might be the cause.  
To fix the problem:

  1. Insert your Windows installation disc and restart your computer. 
  2. Choose your language settings, and then click "Next."
  3. Click "repair your computer."

If you don't have this disc, contact your system administrator or computer
manufacturer for assistance. 

  File: \Boot\BCD

  Status: 0xc00000e9

  Info: Windows has encountered a problem communicating with a device connected to   
  your computer.

It shows only 2 options on the screen, Continue and Exit, but choosing either any number of times returns to the same screen! :( Also (as the error mentions a device connected to the computer), I haven't unplugged any removable storage in recent times.

I saw other answers for this problem but none of them really suit my situation. I've also tried pressing the F8 key go into advanced boot options, and that didn't work either.

I'm guessing this probably means my hard drive is screwed up. But how can this happen randomly? Would I have lost all my data?