Error 582 while trying to access Windows Features

Today went to turn on the Hyper-V feature in the "Turn Windows Features On and Off" settings, but the dialogue would always just load for like 20 seconds then crash my machine.

I looked up alternative ways to view/access the Windows Features and found you could do it from DISM or Powershell. I attempted both commands to view the Windows Features:

dism /online /get-features

and

get-windowsoptionalfeature -online

and in both cases I get back this error:

Error: 582

An illegal character was encountered. For a multi-byte character set this 
includes a lead byte without a succeeding trail byte. For the Unicode character 
set this includes the characters 0xFFFF and 0xFFFE.

After looking at the dism logs and CBS logs:

dism.log

2018-05-07 23:54:00, Info                  DISM   DISM Package Manager: PID=17208 TID=18628 Processing the top level command token(get-features). - CPackageManagerCLIHandler::Private_ValidateCmdLine
2018-05-07 23:54:00, Info                  DISM   DISM Package Manager: PID=17208 TID=18628 Attempting to route to appropriate command handler. - CPackageManagerCLIHandler::ExecuteCmdLine
2018-05-07 23:54:00, Info                  DISM   DISM Package Manager: PID=17208 TID=18628 Routing the command... - CPackageManagerCLIHandler::ExecuteCmdLine
2018-05-07 23:54:00, Info                  DISM   DISM Package Manager: PID=17208 TID=18628 Feature LegacyComponents with CBS state 4(CbsInstallStateStaged) being mapped to dism state 4(DISM_INSTALL_STATE_STAGED) - CDISMPackageFeature::LogInstallStateMapping
2018-05-07 23:54:07, Error                 DISM   DISM Package Manager: PID=17208 TID=18628 Failed to get the State of the Feature - CDISMPackageFeature::Internal_GetCbsState(hr:0x80070246)
2018-05-07 23:54:07, Error                 DISM   DISM Package Manager: PID=17208 TID=18628 Failed to get the CBS State of the Feature - CDISMPackageFeature::get_State(hr:0x80070246)
2018-05-07 23:54:07, Error                 DISM   DISM Package Manager: PID=17208 TID=18628 Failed to get the feature state. - CCBSFormatter::PrintCbsFeatures_ListFormat(hr:0x80070246)
2018-05-07 23:54:07, Error                 DISM   DISM Package Manager: PID=17208 TID=18628 Failed while processing command get-features. - CPackageManagerCLIHandler::ExecuteCmdLine(hr:0x80070246)
2018-05-07 23:54:07, Info                  DISM   DISM Package Manager: PID=17208 TID=18628 Further logs for online package and feature related operations can be found at %WINDIR%\logs\CBS\cbs.log - CPackageManagerCLIHandler::ExecuteCmdLine
2018-05-07 23:54:07, Error                 DISM   DISM.EXE: DISM Package Manager processed the command line but failed. HRESULT=80070246

CBS.log

2018-05-07 23:54:07, Error                 CSI    00000003@2018/5/8:06:54:07.362 (F) onecore\base\lstring\lblob.cpp(2145): Error STATUS_ILLEGAL_CHARACTER originated in function RtlTranscodeLBlobs expression: __rv.UcsCharacter != (0xffffffff)

I clearly have some corrupted value wherever these command are attempting to read from. I'm just not sure if thats a registery value or something else and have no idea how I would go about fixing this without completely re-imaging my machine.

Any help is appreciated

UPDATE:

System Information

Win10 Pro Version 10.0.16299 Build 16299 x64