0xc000000e after imaging windows 10 disk with dd

So, trying to upgrade to SSD, I mounted my old drive and the new SSD to a second system and copied the disk using dd for windows. After putting everything back, using either drive (old or new), I get 0xc000000e (and 0xc000000f for a while) ('unable to access winload.efi'). Trying various suggestions (bcdedit, bootrec...) I noticed, on both drives, that anywhere inheritance is broken, I can't get to. So I see c:\Windows\WinSxS but nothing else under C:\Windows. I also don't see C:\Users, C:\Program Files, and so on. I don't see these folders under that second system, or booting to Windows 10 USB command prompt.

I think I need repair the file permissions then go back to the BCDedit and bootrec tools. Are there any tools (probably Linux) where I can edit the permissions on the files/folders I can't even see in Windows?

Thanks,