A single user can't access server folders from a single computer

This morning I had a domain user try to log onto his primary laptop. At logon he received a network permission error regarding his Desktop redirected folder on the server. He also received error notices about corrupted Recycle Bin for each of his redirected folders. Obviously his Desktop was blank and he couldn't get to any of his redirected folders in File Explorer due to the same permission errors.

This user was successfully reading and writing files to the server yesterday afternoon, and he was able to work from home via Offline Files yesterday evening as well without issue. But this morning it doesn't work at all.

I disabled all networking and logged in using his cached credentials, expecting the locally synced offline copies to appear. But again, I received the network errors. This time it was error code 0x80070035, The network path was not found. Even a full reboot didn't allow access to Offline Files.

Interestingly, this user is able to log on from other computers. Likewise, other users are able to log on to his laptop and access server files without issue. So it seems like the issue is directly related to his local profile on that particular machine. Unfortunately, I don't know what troubleshooting steps to take next. Ideally I'd like to restore the existing profile and somehow recover the offline files he worked on last night, which never had a chance to sync back to the server. Plan B would be to destroy the local profile and start fresh.

Any ideas?