How to exploit dummy messages such as this

This is not a request to troubleshoot my system.

Since a day or two, when I open a certain application, it does open, but after a few seconds I get the error dialog box below:

After OK, a second dialog appears, this time with WerFault.exe in the title and code 0xc0000142. This repeats twice, the application continues to work or crashes, depending on its mood.

I may suspect a virus attack, though my anti-virus stays quiet.

My main question is: what can I do with such error messages, especially the first? It gives no clue what causes the error. Is there a way to get clarifications? I am not asking to diagnose this specific problem, but rather what investigation means are available, if any?