I just created a new Compute in Azure - choosing Windows 10 Enterprise (x64)
image. For deployment I used Resource Manager mode, DS1 size, disk type Standard and left default for the rest of options.
I needed .NET Framework 3.5 (as prerequisite for some 3rd party SW) so I went to Windows features and clicked on .NET 3.5
It ended up with error:
Catastrophic failure
Error code: 0x8000FFFF
Googling the issue I found two types of solution: 1) using installation source (DVD), which I don't have for Azure image for their marketplace, 2) Uninstall specific security updates before adding this feature but those are not on this fresh Win 10.
What to try more?
This is already answered in https://www.reddit.com/r/Windows10/comments/3f7so7/catastrophic_failure_0x8000ffff_when_trying_to/
The problem is with the Profile List of Windows. If you delete the user wich install Windows, then you cannot install .Net 3.5 unless you update te registry.
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