SQL Server 2017 filestream failing for application after Windows OS upgrade

After upgrading one of our database servers (with SQL Server 2017) from Windows Server 2016 to 2019 the filestream functionality started to fail. The applications gets

System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception (0x80004005): The request is not supported

for OpenSqlFileStream. The application server is using Windows Server 2019 so both are now using the same OS version.

We have rebooted both the application and the database server. Still failing. We have logged into the application server and started a PowerShell as the service user (running the application as a service) and have no problems with listing files in the network shared MSSQLSERVER folder (made available by the SQL Server). So it doesn't seem to be an access problem.

Anyone recognizing this?