I am trying to use the fdlibm library in C to compute sin of a large number. I used the code from this link: http://www.netlib.org/fdlibm/ and downloaded the folder "s_sin.c plus dependencies". When I run the c code in that folder "s_sin.c", I get the following error:
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
"___ieee754_rem_pio2", referenced from:
_sin in s_sin-a92222.o
"___kernel_cos", referenced from:
_sin in s_sin-a92222.o
"___kernel_sin", referenced from:
_sin in s_sin-a92222.o
"_main", referenced from:
implicit entry/start for main executable
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
Any ideas how to fix this error?
Here is the code that I mentioned above:
/* @(#)s_sin.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* sin(x)
* Return sine function of x.
*
* kernel function:
* __kernel_sin ... sine function on [-pi/4,pi/4]
* __kernel_cos ... cose function on [-pi/4,pi/4]
* __ieee754_rem_pio2 ... argument reduction routine
*
* Method.
* Let S,C and T denote the sin, cos and tan respectively on
* [-PI/4, +PI/4]. Reduce the argument x to y1+y2 = x-k*pi/2
* in [-pi/4 , +pi/4], and let n = k mod 4.
* We have
*
* n sin(x) cos(x) tan(x)
* ----------------------------------------------------------
* 0 S C T
* 1 C -S -1/T
* 2 -S -C T
* 3 -C S -1/T
* ----------------------------------------------------------
*
* Special cases:
* Let trig be any of sin, cos, or tan.
* trig(+-INF) is NaN, with signals;
* trig(NaN) is that NaN;
*
* Accuracy:
* TRIG(x) returns trig(x) nearly rounded
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
double sin(double x)
#else
double sin(x)
double x;
#endif
{
double y[2],z=0.0;
int n, ix;
/* High word of x. */
ix = __HI(x);
/* |x| ~< pi/4 */
ix &= 0x7fffffff;
if(ix <= 0x3fe921fb) return __kernel_sin(x,z,0);
/* sin(Inf or NaN) is NaN */
else if (ix>=0x7ff00000) return x-x;
/* argument reduction needed */
else {
n = __ieee754_rem_pio2(x,y);
switch(n&3) {
case 0: return __kernel_sin(y[0],y[1],1);
case 1: return __kernel_cos(y[0],y[1]);
case 2: return -__kernel_sin(y[0],y[1],1);
default:
return -__kernel_cos(y[0],y[1]);
}
}
}
The problem is you need to build libm.a
from the fdlibm
files. If you look at readme file it explains:
CONFIGURE
To build FDLIBM, edit the supplied Makefile or create
a local Makefile by running "sh configure"
using the supplied configure script contributed by Nelson Beebe
(note: after downloading all the files and makefile
, you can simply type make
and it will build libm.a
)
This will create libm.a
(which you can link with instead of the normal math library). After you build the library, you need only #include "fdlibm.h"
in your source file and compile similar to:
gcc -Wall -Wextra -pedantic -std=c11 -Ofast -L./ -o test_s_sin test_s_sin.c -lm
This will compile your code (named test_s_sin.c
above) to executable.
The reason you cannot simply build s_sin.c
with gcc is if you look in s_sin.c
, you will find it depends on a number of additional externally defined functions from fdlibm (which in turn depend on other source file in the library). For example in s_sin.c
you have:
/* High word of x. */
ix = __HI(x);
/* |x| ~< pi/4 */
ix &= 0x7fffffff;
if(ix <= 0x3fe921fb) return __kernel_sin(x,z,0);
/* sin(Inf or NaN) is NaN */
else if (ix>=0x7ff00000) return x-x;
/* argument reduction needed */
else {
n = __ieee754_rem_pio2(x,y);
switch(n&3) {
case 0: return __kernel_sin(y[0],y[1],1);
case 1: return __kernel_cos(y[0],y[1]);
case 2: return -__kernel_sin(y[0],y[1],1);
default:
return -__kernel_cos(y[0],y[1]);
}
Where you have the functions or macros __HI()
, __kernel_sin()
, __ieee754_rem_pio2()
, etc.. all required by s_sin.c
. These are provided by the other sources in fdlibm, but are all meant to work together as a library rather than single source files you can cherry-pick from.
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