I am creating an OS, and I need to call the BIOS in real mode, I tried this code but it has a bug:
The error on boch is
00002172825e[CPU0 ] check_cs: conforming code seg descriptor dpl > cpl
The code is :
global go16
;______________________________________________________________________________________________________
;Switch to 16-bit real Mode
;IN/OUT: nothing
go16:
[BITS 32]
cli ;Clear interrupts
pop edx ;save return location in edx
jmp 0x20:PM16 ;Load CS with selector 0x20
;For go to 16-bit real mode, first we have to go to 16-bit protected mode
[BITS 16]
PM16:
mov ax, 0x28 ;0x28 is 16-bit protected mode selector.
mov ss, ax
mov ds, ax
mov es, ax
mov gs, ax
mov fs, ax
mov sp, 0x7c00+0x200 ;Stack hase base at 0x7c00+0x200
mov eax, cr0
and eax, 0xfffffffe ;Clear protected enable bit in cr0
mov cr0, eax
jmp 0x50:realMode ;Load CS and IP
realMode:
;Load segment registers with 16-bit Values.
mov ax, 0x50
mov ds, ax
mov fs, ax
mov gs, ax
mov ax, 0
mov ss, ax
mov ax, 0
mov es, ax
hlt
mov sp, 0x7c00+0x200
cli
lidt[.idtR] ;Load real mode interrupt vector table
sti
push 0x50 ;New CS
push dx ;New IP (saved in edx)
retf ;Load CS, IP and Start real mode
;Real mode interrupt vector table
.idtR:
dw 0xffff ;Limit
dd 0 ;Base
The program stops at jmp 0x20:PM16
because he don't like 0x20
I need to call the bios to switch graphic mode because I can't do that in my bootloader
Thank you for your answer
PS :
My gdt is :
init_gdt_desc(0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, &kgdt[0]);
init_gdt_desc(0x0, 0xFFFFF, 0x9B, 0x0D, &kgdt[1]);
init_gdt_desc(0x0, 0xFFFFF, 0x93, 0x0D, &kgdt[2]);
init_gdt_desc(0x0, 0x0, 0x97, 0x0D, &kgdt[3]);
//user segment
init_gdt_desc(0x0, 0xFFFFF, 0xFF, 0x0D, &kgdt[4]); /* ucode */
init_gdt_desc(0x0, 0xFFFFF, 0xF3, 0x0D, &kgdt[5]); /* udata */
init_gdt_desc(0x0, 0x0, 0xF7, 0x0D, &kgdt[6]); /* ustack */
For a jmp
or call
to a different segment you need to obey one of the following priviledge rules:
Looking at your selectors, the target DPL is 3 and the CPL is 0.
So to use jmp 0x20:PM16
, change
init_gdt_desc(0x0, 0xFFFFF, 0xFF, 0x0D, &kgdt[4]); /* ucode */
into
init_gdt_desc(0x0, 0xFFFFF, 0x9F, 0x0D, &kgdt[4]); /* ucode */
;Real mode interrupt vector table .idtR: dw 0xffff ;Limit dd 0 ;Base
The correct limit would be 0x03FF (1023 in decimal)
[edit]
Since the goal is to go to real mode the BIG bit in the descriptors should be off to select 16-bit, and the GRANULARITY bit should be off to limit memory access to just 1MB.
init_gdt_desc(0x0, 0xFFFF, 0x9E, 0x0, &kgdt[4]); /* ucode */
init_gdt_desc(0x0, 0xFFFF, 0x92, 0x0, &kgdt[5]); /* udata */
The order of things in your current program is different from what you can find here about switching from protected mode to real mode.
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