GRUB 2: no multiboot header found (not duplicate)
I've read numerous amounts of the other questions related to the issue, none of them have resolved my issue.
For extra code see the repo.
I'm contributing to a relatively mildly developed operating system, it has IDT, GDT, paging, VGA driver, etc. We use GRUB for our bootloader, however. I was recently assigned to the task of actually fixing a critical bug (see title), and I've been working on it for weeks with no luck. Here is my boot ASM (GNU ASM) and linkerscript, respectively.
# Multiboot header constants
.set ALIGN, 1<<0 # load modules on page boundaries
.set MEMINFO, 1<<1 # memory map
.set FLAGS, ALIGN | MEMINFO # multiboot flags
.set MAGIC, 0x1BADB002 # magic number
.set CHECKSUM, -(MAGIC + FLAGS) # header checksum
# Multiboot Header
.section .multiboot
.align 4
.long MAGIC
.long FLAGS
.long CHECKSUM
# Memory for initial thread
.section .bss
.align 16
stack_bottom:
.skip 16384 # 16 kib
stack_top:
/* the linker script specifies _start as the entry
point for the kernel */
.section .text
.global _start
.type _start, @function
_start:
/* stack */
mov $stack_top, %esp
cli
call loadGDT
mov %cr0, %eax
or 1, %al
mov %eax, %cr0
call loadIDT
sti
jmp $0x8, $protectedModeMain
protectedModeMain:
/* here we call kernel_main */
call kernel_main
/* if the system has nothing else to do, put the pc
into an infinite loop */
1: hlt
jmp 1b
;
;/* set thie size of the _start symbol to the current location */
;.size _start, . - _start
;
ENTRY(_start)
SECTIONS
{
VGA_POINTER = 0xb8000;
. = 0xb8000;
. += 80 * 25 * 2;
. = 1M;
.text ALIGN(4K) :
{
*(.multiboot)
*(.text .text.*)
. = ALIGN(4K);
}
.rodata :
{
*(.rodata .rodata.*)
. = ALIGN(4K);
}
.data :
{
*(.data.rel.ro.local*) *(.data.rel.ro .data.rel.ro.*) *(.data.*)
. = ALIGN(4K);
}
.gdt :
{
*(.gdt)
. = ALIGN(4K);
}
.bss :
{
*(.bss .bss.*);
. = ALIGN(4K);
}
}
For a few more details refer to this issue on the GitHub repo.
EDIT: output of objdump:
NovaVita.kernel: file format elf32-i386
NovaVita.kernel
architecture: i386, flags 0x00000150:
HAS_SYMS, DYNAMIC, D_PAGED
start address 0x00001278
Program Header:
PHDR off 0x00000034 vaddr 0x00000034 paddr 0x00000034 align 2**2
filesz 0x00000160 memsz 0x00000160 flags r--
INTERP off 0x00000194 vaddr 0x00000194 paddr 0x00000194 align 2**0
filesz 0x00000013 memsz 0x00000013 flags r--
LOAD off 0x00000000 vaddr 0x00000000 paddr 0x00000000 align 2**12
filesz 0x000003b8 memsz 0x000003b8 flags r--
LOAD off 0x00001000 vaddr 0x00001000 paddr 0x00001000 align 2**12
filesz 0x00002000 memsz 0x00002000 flags r-x
LOAD off 0x00003000 vaddr 0x00003000 paddr 0x00003000 align 2**12
filesz 0x0000115c memsz 0x0000115c flags r--
LOAD off 0x00004edc vaddr 0x00005edc paddr 0x00005edc align 2**12
filesz 0x00001124 memsz 0x00009124 flags rw-
DYNAMIC off 0x00004edc vaddr 0x00005edc paddr 0x00005edc align 2**2
filesz 0x00000088 memsz 0x00000088 flags rw-
NOTE off 0x000001a8 vaddr 0x000001a8 paddr 0x000001a8 align 2**2
filesz 0x00000024 memsz 0x00000024 flags r--
EH_FRAME off 0x00004000 vaddr 0x00004000 paddr 0x00004000 align 2**2
filesz 0x00000044 memsz 0x00000044 flags r--
STACK off 0x00000000 vaddr 0x00000000 paddr 0x00000000 align 2**4
filesz 0x00000000 memsz 0x00000000 flags rwx
RELRO off 0x00004edc vaddr 0x00005edc paddr 0x00005edc align 2**0
filesz 0x00000124 memsz 0x00000124 flags r--
Dynamic Section:
GNU_HASH 0x000001cc
STRTAB 0x000001f4
SYMTAB 0x000001e4
STRSZ 0x00000001
SYMENT 0x00000010
DEBUG 0x00000000
REL 0x000001f8
RELSZ 0x000001c0
RELENT 0x00000008
TEXTREL 0x00000000
FLAGS_1 0x08000000
RELCOUNT 0x00000038
Sections:
Idx Name Size VMA LMA File off Algn
0 .interp 00000013 00000194 00000194 00000194 2**0
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
1 .note.gnu.build-id 00000024 000001a8 000001a8 000001a8 2**2
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
2 .gnu.hash 00000018 000001cc 000001cc 000001cc 2**2
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
3 .dynsym 00000010 000001e4 000001e4 000001e4 2**2
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
4 .dynstr 00000001 000001f4 000001f4 000001f4 2**0
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
5 .rel.dyn 000001c0 000001f8 000001f8 000001f8 2**2
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
6 .text 00002000 00001000 00001000 00001000 2**4
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE
7 .rodata 00001000 00003000 00003000 00003000 2**2
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
8 .eh_frame_hdr 00000044 00004000 00004000 00004000 2**2
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
9 .eh_frame 00000118 00004044 00004044 00004044 2**2
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
10 .dynamic 00000088 00005edc 00005edc 00004edc 2**2
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA
11 .got 0000009c 00005f64 00005f64 00004f64 2**2
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA
12 .got.plt 0000000c 00006000 00006000 00005000 2**2
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA
13 .data 00000ff4 0000600c 0000600c 0000500c 2**2
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA
14 .bss 00008000 00007000 00007000 00006000 2**12
ALLOC
15 .comment 00000016 00000000 00000000 00006000 2**0
CONTENTS, READONLY
16 .debug_aranges 00000020 00000000 00000000 00006016 2**0
CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING, OCTETS
17 .debug_info 00002032 00000000 00000000 00006036 2**0
CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING, OCTETS
18 .debug_abbrev 0000076c 00000000 00000000 00008068 2**0
CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING, OCTETS
19 .debug_line 00000bbd 00000000 00000000 000087d4 2**0
CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING, OCTETS
20 .debug_frame 000001b4 00000000 00000000 00009394 2**2
CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING, OCTETS
21 .debug_str 000007f3 00000000 00000000 00009548 2**0
CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING, OCTETS
22 .debug_loc 0000182d 00000000 00000000 00009d3b 2**0
CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING, OCTETS
23 .debug_ranges 00000100 00000000 00000000 0000b568 2**0
CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING, OCTETS
24 .gdt 00000000 00100000 00100000 0000b668 2**0
CONTENTS
SYMBOL TABLE:
00000194 l d .interp 00000000 .interp
000001a8 l d .note.gnu.build-id 00000000 .note.gnu.build-id
000001cc l d .gnu.hash 00000000 .gnu.hash
000001e4 l d .dynsym 00000000 .dynsym
000001f4 l d .dynstr 00000000 .dynstr
000001f8 l d .rel.dyn 00000000 .rel.dyn
00001000 l d .text 00000000 .text
00003000 l d .rodata 00000000 .rodata
00004000 l d .eh_frame_hdr 00000000 .eh_frame_hdr
00004044 l d .eh_frame 00000000 .eh_frame
00005edc l d .dynamic 00000000 .dynamic
00005f64 l d .got 00000000 .got
00006000 l d .got.plt 00000000 .got.plt
0000600c l d .data 00000000 .data
00007000 l d .bss 00000000 .bss
00000000 l d .comment 00000000 .comment
00000000 l d .debug_aranges 00000000 .debug_aranges
00000000 l d .debug_info 00000000 .debug_info
00000000 l d .debug_abbrev 00000000 .debug_abbrev
00000000 l d .debug_line 00000000 .debug_line
00000000 l d .debug_frame 00000000 .debug_frame
00000000 l d .debug_str 00000000 .debug_str
00000000 l d .debug_loc 00000000 .debug_loc
00000000 l d .debug_ranges 00000000 .debug_ranges
00100000 l d .gdt 00000000 .gdt
00000000 l df *ABS* 00000000 Kernel.cpp
00000000 l .debug_str 00000000
00000016 l .debug_str 00000000
00000033 l .debug_str 00000000
00000130 l .debug_str 00000000
00000482 l .debug_str 00000000
00000053 l .debug_str 00000000
0000006c l .debug_str 00000000
00000085 l .debug_str 00000000
0000008f l .debug_str 00000000
0000009c l .debug_str 00000000
000000a3 l .debug_str 00000000
000000ae l .debug_str 00000000
000000b2 l .debug_str 00000000
000000b9 l .debug_str 00000000
000000c0 l .debug_str 00000000
000000cf l .debug_str 00000000
000000d8 l .debug_str 00000000
000000e1 l .debug_str 00000000
000000e8 l .debug_str 00000000
000000ed l .debug_str 00000000
000000f1 l .debug_str 00000000
000000fa l .debug_str 00000000
0000011a l .debug_str 00000000
00000127 l .debug_str 00000000
00000135 l .debug_str 00000000
0000013d l .debug_str 00000000
00000156 l .debug_str 00000000
0000015f l .debug_str 00000000
00000177 l .debug_str 00000000
0000017d l .debug_str 00000000
00000194 l .debug_str 00000000
00000098 l .debug_str 00000000
000001a9 l .debug_str 00000000
000001c2 l .debug_str 00000000
000001ca l .debug_str 00000000
000001df l .debug_str 00000000
000001e5 l .debug_str 00000000
000001f6 l .debug_str 00000000
0000021b l .debug_str 00000000
00000227 l .debug_str 00000000
0000022c l .debug_str 00000000
00000234 l .debug_str 00000000
0000023b l .debug_str 00000000
00000248 l .debug_str 00000000
0000024d l .debug_str 00000000
00000252 l .debug_str 00000000
0000025e l .debug_str 00000000
00000000 l df *ABS* 00000000 ../NovaCor/HardwareAbstractionLayer/Architectures/i686/GDT.asm
000010fc l .text 00000000 flushGDT.flush
00000000 l df *ABS* 00000000 ../NovaCor/HardwareAbstractionLayer/Architectures/i686/IDT.asm
00000000 l df *ABS* 00000000 ../NovaCor/HardwareAbstractionLayer/Architectures/i686/ISR.asm
0000120b l .text 00000000 CommonISRStub
00000000 l df *ABS* 00000000 ../NovaCor/HardwareAbstractionLayer/Architectures/i686/MemSet.asm
00000000 l df *ABS* 00000000 ../NovaCor/HardwareAbstractionLayer/Architectures/i686/Paging.asm
00000000 l df *ABS* 00000000 NovaCor/HardwareAbstractionLayer/Architectures/i686/libhal.a.p/Boot.S.o
00000001 l *ABS* 00000000 ALIGN
e4524ffb l *ABS* 00000000 CHECKSUM
00000003 l *ABS* 00000000 FLAGS
1badb002 l *ABS* 00000000 MAGIC
00000002 l *ABS* 00000000 MEMINFO
0000129c l .text 00000000 protectedModeMain
00007000 l .bss 00000000 stack_bottom
0000b000 l .bss 00000000 stack_top
00000000 l df *ABS* 00000000 GDT.cpp
00000000 l .debug_str 00000000
00000267 l .debug_str 00000000
00000033 l .debug_str 00000000
000002a6 l .debug_str 00000000
0000008f l .debug_str 00000000
000002af l .debug_str 00000000
00000098 l .debug_str 00000000
000002b6 l .debug_str 00000000
000002bf l .debug_str 00000000
000002c7 l .debug_str 00000000
00000127 l .debug_str 00000000
000000c0 l .debug_str 00000000
000002cb l .debug_str 00000000
000002d5 l .debug_str 00000000
000002da l .debug_str 00000000
000002e5 l .debug_str 00000000
000000cf l .debug_str 00000000
000002ef l .debug_str 00000000
000002f8 l .debug_str 00000000
00000135 l .debug_str 00000000
00000304 l .debug_str 00000000
0000030b l .debug_str 00000000
00000317 l .debug_str 00000000
00000321 l .debug_str 00000000
0000032a l .debug_str 00000000
0000033e l .debug_str 00000000
00000349 l .debug_str 00000000
0000034f l .debug_str 00000000
00000354 l .debug_str 00000000
0000035d l .debug_str 00000000
00000368 l .debug_str 00000000
00000373 l .debug_str 00000000
0000037e l .debug_str 00000000
00000382 l .debug_str 00000000
0000045c l .debug_str 00000000
0000038a l .debug_str 00000000
00000395 l .debug_str 00000000
0000039e l .debug_str 00000000
000003a9 l .debug_str 00000000
000003b4 l .debug_str 00000000
00000355 l .debug_str 00000000
000003bf l .debug_str 00000000
000003da l .debug_str 00000000
000003df l .debug_str 00000000
000003e3 l .debug_str 00000000
000003e8 l .debug_str 00000000
00000402 l .debug_str 00000000
00000411 l .debug_str 00000000
0000041b l .debug_str 00000000
0000041e l .debug_str 00000000
00000422 l .debug_str 00000000
00000426 l .debug_str 00000000
00000466 l .debug_str 00000000
0000042a l .debug_str 00000000
0000042e l .debug_str 00000000
00000432 l .debug_str 00000000
00000436 l .debug_str 00000000
0000043a l .debug_str 00000000
0000044a l .debug_str 00000000
00000454 l .debug_str 00000000
00000458 l .debug_str 00000000
0000045b l .debug_str 00000000
00000462 l .debug_str 00000000
00000308 l .debug_str 00000000
0000046a l .debug_str 00000000
00000474 l .debug_str 00000000
0000047c l .debug_str 00000000
00000484 l .debug_str 00000000
00000491 l .debug_str 00000000
00000499 l .debug_str 00000000
000004a4 l .debug_str 00000000
000004af l .debug_str 00000000
00000000 l df *ABS* 00000000 IO.cpp
00000000 l .debug_str 00000000
000004bc l .debug_str 00000000
00000033 l .debug_str 00000000
000002cb l .debug_str 00000000
000002d5 l .debug_str 00000000
000002bf l .debug_str 00000000
000002c7 l .debug_str 00000000
00000127 l .debug_str 00000000
00000135 l .debug_str 00000000
000004fa l .debug_str 00000000
000004fe l .debug_str 00000000
000000c0 l .debug_str 00000000
000000cf l .debug_str 00000000
00000503 l .debug_str 00000000
00000000 l df *ABS* 00000000 Paging.cpp
00000000 l .debug_str 00000000
00000507 l .debug_str 00000000
00000033 l .debug_str 00000000
00000549 l .debug_str 00000000
00000555 l .debug_str 00000000
0000008f l .debug_str 00000000
00000354 l .debug_str 00000000
00000563 l .debug_str 00000000
0000032a l .debug_str 00000000
00000576 l .debug_str 00000000
00000585 l .debug_str 00000000
000001e5 l .debug_str 00000000
000001f6 l .debug_str 00000000
0000021b l .debug_str 00000000
000001a7 l .debug_str 00000000
00000098 l .debug_str 00000000
00000000 l df *ABS* 00000000 Terminal.cpp
00000000 l .debug_str 00000000
00000594 l .debug_str 00000000
00000033 l .debug_str 00000000
00000085 l .debug_str 00000000
0000008f l .debug_str 00000000
0000009c l .debug_str 00000000
000000a3 l .debug_str 00000000
000000ae l .debug_str 00000000
000000b2 l .debug_str 00000000
000000b9 l .debug_str 00000000
000000c0 l .debug_str 00000000
000000cf l .debug_str 00000000
000000d8 l .debug_str 00000000
000000e1 l .debug_str 00000000
00000130 l .debug_str 00000000
000000e8 l .debug_str 00000000
000000ed l .debug_str 00000000
000000f1 l .debug_str 00000000
000000fa l .debug_str 00000000
0000011a l .debug_str 00000000
00000127 l .debug_str 00000000
00000135 l .debug_str 00000000
0000013d l .debug_str 00000000
00000156 l .debug_str 00000000
0000015f l .debug_str 00000000
00000177 l .debug_str 00000000
0000017d l .debug_str 00000000
00000194 l .debug_str 00000000
00000098 l .debug_str 00000000
000001a9 l .debug_str 00000000
000001c2 l .debug_str 00000000
000001ca l .debug_str 00000000
000001df l .debug_str 00000000
000005e5 l .debug_str 00000000
000003b4 l .debug_str 00000000
000005fc l .debug_str 00000000
0000032a l .debug_str 00000000
0000060d l .debug_str 00000000
0000061d l .debug_str 00000000
0000062c l .debug_str 00000000
0000063c l .debug_str 00000000
0000064b l .debug_str 00000000
00000659 l .debug_str 00000000
0000066b l .debug_str 00000000
0000067b l .debug_str 00000000
00000690 l .debug_str 00000000
000006a4 l .debug_str 00000000
000006b9 l .debug_str 00000000
000006cf l .debug_str 00000000
000006e4 l .debug_str 00000000
000006f8 l .debug_str 00000000
00000710 l .debug_str 00000000
00000726 l .debug_str 00000000
00000736 l .debug_str 00000000
000003da l .debug_str 00000000
00000192 l .debug_str 00000000
0000073a l .debug_str 00000000
00000438 l .debug_str 00000000
00000561 l .debug_str 00000000
00000740 l .debug_str 00000000
00000746 l .debug_str 00000000
00000756 l .debug_str 00000000
00000760 l .debug_str 00000000
000001a7 l .debug_str 00000000
00000763 l .debug_str 00000000
00000774 l .debug_str 00000000
0000077c l .debug_str 00000000
00000781 l .debug_str 00000000
00000785 l .debug_str 00000000
0000024d l .debug_str 00000000
00000789 l .debug_str 00000000
000003df l .debug_str 00000000
000007aa l .debug_str 00000000
000007ae l .debug_str 00000000
000007bb l .debug_str 00000000
000007c2 l .debug_str 00000000
000007d3 l .debug_str 00000000
000007be l .debug_str 00000000
000007d7 l .debug_str 00000000
000007e1 l .debug_str 00000000
000007e6 l .debug_str 00000000
000007eb l .debug_str 00000000
000033ea l O .rodata 0000000b _ZZZN8Terminal5writeEiENK3$_0clEjE16numberCharacters
0000e004 l O .bss 00000040 _ZZZN8Terminal5writeEiENK3$_0clEjE6buffer
00000000 l df *ABS* 00000000
00005edc l O .dynamic 00000000 _DYNAMIC
00004000 l .eh_frame_hdr 00000000 __GNU_EH_FRAME_HDR
00006000 l O .got.plt 00000000 _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_
000010e0 g .text 00000000 flushGDT
0000b02e g O .bss 00000800 idtEntries
00001b20 g F .text 0000006d _ZN8TerminalC1Ev
0000d000 g O .bss 00001000 firstPageTable
00001138 g .text 00000000 isr4
000011e8 g .text 00000000 isr27
00001188 g .text 00000000 isr13
000011c5 g .text 00000000 isr22
00001194 g .text 00000000 isr15
00001168 g .text 00000000 isr9
000011cc g .text 00000000 isr23
000011f6 g .text 00000000 isr29
000b8000 g *ABS* 00000000 VGA_POINTER
00001204 g .text 00000000 isr31
000011be g .text 00000000 isr21
000011ef g .text 00000000 isr28
000012b0 g F .text 000000d1 loadGDT
00002160 g F .text 0000007d _ZN8Terminal5writeEi
0000115e g .text 00000000 isr8
00001bc0 g F .text 000000ad _ZN8Terminal8put_charEch
00001ae0 g F .text 00000037 _Z7strcompPKcS0_
000011b7 g .text 00000000 isr20
0000118d g .text 00000000 isr14
00001142 g .text 00000000 isr5
0000b82e g O .bss 00000006 idtPointer
00001000 g F .text 000000d7 kernel_main
00001c70 g F .text 00000044 _ZN8Terminal5shiftEv
00001b20 g F .text 0000006d _ZN8TerminalC2Ev
00001278 g F .text 0000002c _start
0000b000 g O .bss 00000028 gdtEntries
0000111a g .text 00000000 isr1
00002130 g F .text 00000024 _ZN8Terminal5writeEPKc
00001cc0 g F .text 0000046e _ZN8Terminal5writeEPKcj
000011e1 g .text 00000000 isr26
00001178 g .text 00000000 isr11
00001100 g .text 00000000 flushIDT
000018b0 g F .text 0000004d ISRHandlerImpl
00001180 g .text 00000000 isr12
00007000 g .bss 00000000 __bss_start
00001230 g .text 00000000 memset
00001390 g F .text 00000513 loadIDT
00001110 g .text 00000000 isr0
00001900 g F .text 00000065 ISRHandler
0000b028 g O .bss 00000006 gdtPointer
000011d3 g .text 00000000 isr24
0000119b g .text 00000000 isr16
0000112e g .text 00000000 isr3
00001970 g F .text 000000d6 loadTables
0000114c g .text 00000000 isr6
00001a60 g F .text 0000000a _Z3inbt
000011a9 g .text 00000000 isr18
0000c000 g O .bss 00001000 pageDirectory
00007000 g .data 00000000 _edata
0000f000 g .bss 00000000 _end
000021e0 g F .text 00000037 _ZN8Terminal7printlnEPKc
00001170 g .text 00000000 isr10
00001a70 g F .text 0000004e _ZN16MemoryManagement11beginPagingEv
00001b90 g F .text 00000029 _ZN8Terminal12put_entry_atEchjj
000011a2 g .text 00000000 isr17
00001124 g .text 00000000 isr2
00001a50 g F .text 0000000d _Z4outbth
000011b0 g .text 00000000 isr19
0000e000 g O .bss 00000004 _ZN8Terminal8instanceE
000011fd g .text 00000000 isr30
00001156 g .text 00000000 isr7
00001ac0 g F .text 0000001c _Z6strlenPKc
000011da g .text 00000000 isr25
0000600c g O .data 00000004 logo
00001250 g .text 00000000 setupPaging
ryzenup
Michael Petch0 Answers
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