Connect to dockerized postgres from Windows Docker host

my setup is Docker for Windows (Version 18.09.2) on a Windows 10 Pro machine with installed postgres (not a database, only the command line tools).

I run the official postgres image from docker hub with

docker run -it -v D:/postgres:/home/dump --name some_postgres -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=root -d postgres

Afterwards I am able to connect via

docker exec -it <docker-id> bash

and run

psql -U postgres

Everything works fine. Now I want to connect from my host. I call

psql -h <local-ip> -U postgres

and got

psql: could not connect to server: Connection refused (0x0000274D/10061)
        Is the server running on host "192.168.116.74" and accepting
        TCP/IP connections on port 5432?

I am pretty sure, the database could be accessed. Because if I change the IP I receive

psql: could not connect to server: Connection timed out (0x0000274C/10060)
        Is the server running on host "192.168.116.11" and accepting
        TCP/IP connections on port 5432?

Has anyone any clue how I can fix this issue? Or what I am doing wrong?

To connect to a container from your host you have to publish ports to your host. That is done using port publishing and -p option :

docker run -it -v D:/postgres:/home/dump --name some_postgres -p 5432:5432 -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=root -d postgres

Notice the -p option. Now when you will be trying to connect to port 5432 on your localhost, the traffic will be redirected to the port 5432 of the container.