How do I fix NuGet Package Manager Console error "Signature specified is zero-sized"?

I've got a fresh install of Visual Studio 2015 update 3 and am getting the following message in the Package Manager Console:

Signature specified is zero-sized. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131237)

I've tried uninstalling/reinstalling NuGet Package Manager, but the issue remains.

What is causing this and how can I fix it?

According to the error message, this error often caused by the corrupted .NET Framework installation. You could use the .NET Framework Repair Tool from below link to repair .NET Framework installation on your machine.

https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2698555