Why is AspNet5.ENU.RC1.exe failing to install on Windows Server 2012 R2?

Running AspNet5.ENU.RC1.exe on a windows server 2012 R2 instance (hosted in azure) fails with 0x80072f76 - Unspecified error.

I read about the known issue where installing from a folder that also contains earlier beta vs web tooling MSI files can fail with error 0x80091007 - The hash value is not correct, but this is a different error (and I am installing from a different folder). According to the logs it looks like it may be a network issue. However, accessing the various go.microsoft.com URL's from chrome works fine. What gives?

Example log file snippet is below:

[0F00:0E4C][2015-11-27T13:09:48]i201: Planned package: SetupBlocked_Uninstall, state: Present, default requested: Present, ba requested: Present, execute: None, rollback: None, cache: No, uncache: No, dependency: None
[0F00:0E4C][2015-11-27T13:09:48]i299: Plan complete, result: 0x0
[0F00:0E4C][2015-11-27T13:09:48]i300: Apply begin
[062C:0F18][2015-11-27T13:09:48]i358: Pausing automatic updates.
[062C:0F18][2015-11-27T13:09:48]i359: Paused automatic updates.
[062C:0F18][2015-11-27T13:09:48]i360: Creating a system restore point.
[062C:0F18][2015-11-27T13:09:48]i362: System restore disabled, system restore point not created.
[062C:0F18][2015-11-27T13:09:48]i370: Session begin, registration key: SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\{5fefbd00-3078-41ea-a615-dbcce6a6f135}, options: 0x7, disable resume: No
[062C:0F18][2015-11-27T13:09:48]i000: Caching bundle from: 'C:\Users\SRVC-T~1\AppData\Local\Temp\2\{5fefbd00-3078-41ea-a615-dbcce6a6f135}\.be\AspNet5.ENU.RC1.exe' to: 'C:\ProgramData\Package Cache\{5fefbd00-3078-41ea-a615-dbcce6a6f135}\AspNet5.ENU.RC1.exe'
[062C:0F18][2015-11-27T13:09:48]i320: Registering bundle dependency provider: {5fefbd00-3078-41ea-a615-dbcce6a6f135}, version: 1.0.11117.0
[062C:0F18][2015-11-27T13:09:48]i371: Updating session, registration key: SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\{5fefbd00-3078-41ea-a615-dbcce6a6f135}, resume: Active, restart initiated: No, disable resume: No
[062C:09C8][2015-11-27T13:09:48]i305: Verified acquired payload: SetupBlocked_Install at path: C:\ProgramData\Package Cache\.unverified\SetupBlocked_Install, moving to: C:\ProgramData\Package Cache\0cb88b2b-7b82-3890-96ab-deccbbb3a255\SetupBlocked.exe.
[062C:09C8][2015-11-27T13:09:48]i305: Verified acquired payload: Preparation_Uninstall_ASPNET at path: C:\ProgramData\Package Cache\.unverified\Preparation_Uninstall_ASPNET, moving to: C:\ProgramData\Package Cache\2b825b3c-fe3f-3e14-b083-a41c0f8d1b22\Preparation.exe.
[0F00:0FDC][2015-11-27T13:09:48]w343: Prompt for source of package: DotNetVersionManager_x64, payload: DotNetVersionManager_x64, path: C:\Users\srvc-teamcity\.chef\local-mode-cache\cache\aspnet5rc1\DotNetVersionManager-x64.msi
[0F00:0FDC][2015-11-27T13:09:48]i338: Acquiring package: DotNetVersionManager_x64, payload: DotNetVersionManager_x64, download from: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=690311
[0F00:0FDC][2015-11-27T13:09:48]e000: Error 0x80072f08: Failed to send request to URL: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=690311, trying to process HTTP status code anyway.
[0F00:0FDC][2015-11-27T13:09:48]e000: Error 0x80072f76: Failed attempt to download URL: 'https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=690311' to: 'C:\Users\SRVC-T~1\AppData\Local\Temp\2\{5fefbd00-3078-41ea-a615-dbcce6a6f135}\DotNetVersionManager_x64'
[0F00:0FDC][2015-11-27T13:09:48]w343: Prompt for source of package: DotNetVersionManager_x64, payload: DotNetVersionManager_x64, path: C:\Users\srvc-teamcity\.chef\local-mode-cache\cache\aspnet5rc1\DotNetVersionManager-x64.msi
[0F00:0FDC][2015-11-27T13:09:51]i338: Acquiring package: DotNetVersionManager_x64, payload: DotNetVersionManager_x64, download from: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=690311
[0F00:0FDC][2015-11-27T13:09:51]e000: Error 0x80072f08: Failed to send request to URL: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=690311, trying to process HTTP status code anyway.
[0F00:0FDC][2015-11-27T13:09:51]e000: Error 0x80072f76: Failed attempt to download URL: 'https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=690311' to: 'C:\Users\SRVC-T~1\AppData\Local\Temp\2\{5fefbd00-3078-41ea-a615-dbcce6a6f135}\DotNetVersionManager_x64'
[0F00:0FDC][2015-11-27T13:09:51]w343: Prompt for source of package: DotNetVersionManager_x64, payload: DotNetVersionManager_x64, path: C:\Users\srvc-teamcity\.chef\local-mode-cache\cache\aspnet5rc1\DotNetVersionManager-x64.msi
[0F00:0FDC][2015-11-27T13:09:54]i338: Acquiring package: DotNetVersionManager_x64, payload: DotNetVersionManager_x64, download from: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=690311
[0F00:0FDC][2015-11-27T13:09:54]e000: Error 0x80072f08: Failed to send request to URL: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=690311, trying to process HTTP status code anyway.
[0F00:0FDC][2015-11-27T13:09:54]e000: Error 0x80072f76: Failed attempt to download URL: 'https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=690311' to: 'C:\Users\SRVC-T~1\AppData\Local\Temp\2\{5fefbd00-3078-41ea-a615-dbcce6a6f135}\DotNetVersionManager_x64'
[0F00:0FDC][2015-11-27T13:09:54]w343: Prompt for source of package: DotNetVersionManager_x64, payload: DotNetVersionManager_x64, path: C:\Users\srvc-teamcity\.chef\local-mode-cache\cache\aspnet5rc1\DotNetVersionManager-x64.msi
[0F00:0FDC][2015-11-27T13:09:57]i338: Acquiring package: DotNetVersionManager_x64, payload: DotNetVersionManager_x64, download from: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=690311
[0F00:0FDC][2015-11-27T13:09:57]e000: Error 0x80072f08: Failed to send request to URL: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=690311, trying to process HTTP status code anyway.
[0F00:0FDC][2015-11-27T13:09:57]e000: Error 0x80072f76: Failed attempt to download URL: 'https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=690311' to: 'C:\Users\SRVC-T~1\AppData\Local\Temp\2\{5fefbd00-3078-41ea-a615-dbcce6a6f135}\DotNetVersionManager_x64'
[0F00:0FDC][2015-11-27T13:09:57]e000: Error 0x80072f76: Failed to acquire payload from: 'https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=690311' to working path: 'C:\Users\SRVC-T~1\AppData\Local\Temp\2\{5fefbd00-3078-41ea-a615-dbcce6a6f135}\DotNetVersionManager_x64'
[0F00:0FDC][2015-11-27T13:09:57]e313: Failed to acquire payload: DotNetVersionManager_x64 to working path: C:\Users\SRVC-T~1\AppData\Local\Temp\2\{5fefbd00-3078-41ea-a615-dbcce6a6f135}\DotNetVersionManager_x64, error: 0x80072f76.
[062C:09C8][2015-11-27T13:09:57]i351: Removing cached package: Preparation_Uninstall_ASPNET, from path: C:\ProgramData\Package Cache\2b825b3c-fe3f-3e14-b083-a41c0f8d1b22\
[062C:09C8][2015-11-27T13:09:57]i351: Removing cached package: SetupBlocked_Install, from path: C:\ProgramData\Package Cache\0cb88b2b-7b82-3890-96ab-deccbbb3a255\
[0F00:0E4C][2015-11-27T13:09:57]e000: Error 0x80072f76: Failed while caching, aborting execution.
[062C:0F18][2015-11-27T13:09:57]i372: Session end, registration key: SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\{5fefbd00-3078-41ea-a615-dbcce6a6f135}, resume: None, restart: None, disable resume: No
[062C:0F18][2015-11-27T13:09:57]i330: Removed bundle dependency provider: {5fefbd00-3078-41ea-a615-dbcce6a6f135}
[062C:0F18][2015-11-27T13:09:57]i352: Removing cached bundle: {5fefbd00-3078-41ea-a615-dbcce6a6f135}, from path: C:\ProgramData\Package Cache\{5fefbd00-3078-41ea-a615-dbcce6a6f135}\
[062C:0F18][2015-11-27T13:09:57]i371: Updating session, registration key: SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\{5fefbd00-3078-41ea-a615-dbcce6a6f135}, resume: None, restart initiated: No, disable resume: No
[0F00:0E4C][2015-11-27T13:09:57]i399: Apply complete, result: 0x80072f76, restart: None, ba requested restart:  No

It is a network error. By default, Windows 2012 R2 has IE Enhanced Security Configuration enabled. Disable IE Enhanced Security Configuration (for both Administrators and Users) using either the Server Manager or powershell (or regedit), then run the exe again. It will succeed.