Application crashing on non-development system

I've had following error on another system:

Faulting application name: EyeScanner.exe, version: 1.0.0.0, time stamp: 0x5049fcd9
Faulting module name: MSVCR100.dll, version: 10.0.30319.1, time stamp: 0x4ba220dc
Exception code: 0xc0000417
Fault offset: 0x000000000007038c
Faulting process id: 0x928
Faulting application start time: 0x01cd8d2ac9ca4d5e
Faulting application path: C:\EyeScanner-Exe\EyeScanner.exe
Faulting module path: C:\Windows\system32\MSVCR100.dll
Report Id: 0fbfc252-f91e-11e1-85b1-5442495a44cf

The same code worked perfectly fine on my development system, and on another system which should be the same version as the failing system.

When I wanted to debug this, I tried to install WinDbg with the Windows SDK, which required me to install the .NET 4.5 Framework. After having installed it, everything worked fine even on the failing system.

Now I wonder how to find out from the above message that this was related to the .NET Framework, especially since the error code 0xC0000417 indicated that the C-Runtime (I have a DLL which does all the work for image analysis) was called with wrong parameter.

Why would it fault with that error? (.NET 4.0 was already installed beforehand, so only the update to 4.5 fixed it).

I'm assuming your development machine has .Net 4.5 on it. A lot of things changed in .Net 4.5, especially with their JIT code and how aggressively they handle P/Invokes. I've ran into more than 1 problem with it so far. I've never heard of one application working in .Net 4.5 and not in 4.0, but I wouldn't say it's impossible.

Anyway, I'd try uninstalling .Net 4.5 and using the version of WinDbg for .Net 4.0 on the machine. This may help you diagnose the problem.