Recovering mdraid RAID0 disk structure

So, dual-booting Windows and Linux inevitably has ended up in stuff breaking.

Looks like one of the two mdraid RAID0 disks got "initialized" under Windows 10 (my fault - I was attempting to add another disk for Windows with identical capacity) and now I'm seeing that my array disk is containing only a single 16MB Microsoft Reserved Partition, which, has resulted in a destroyed array.

The RAID0 mdraid array consisted of two 1TB disks (/dev/sdb and /dev/sdd):

❯ sudo mdadm -D /dev/md127
/dev/md127:
        Version : 1.0
        Raid Level : raid0
    Total Devices : 1
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

            State : inactive
Working Devices : 1

            Name : any:data
            UUID : e7ee729e:81c9fc54:9ef2cf45:8173dd35
            Events : 0

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice

    -       8       16        -        /dev/sdb

❯ sudo lsblk
NAME        MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda           8:0    1 238,5G  0 disk 
├─sda1        8:1    1     1G  0 part /boot/efi
└─sda2        8:2    1 237,5G  0 part /
sdb           8:16   1 931,5G  0 disk 
sdc           8:32   1 111,8G  0 disk
sdd           8:48   1 931,5G  0 disk 
└─sdd1        8:49   1    16M  0 part

Fdisk output:

    Disk /dev/sdb: 931,51 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Disk model: ST1000DX001-1CM1
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Device     Boot Start        End    Sectors   Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1           1 1953525167 1953525167 931,5G ee GPT

Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.

Disk /dev/sdd: 931,51 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Disk model: ST1000DM010-2EP1
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: F6FFD6CE-CAB7-424A-ABB8-5A6D13E5B5D7

Device     Start   End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sdd1     34 32767   32734  16M Microsoft reserved

Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.

This didn't work:

sudo mdadm --assemble --scan -v
mdadm: Cannot assemble mbr metadata on /dev/sdd

And inspecting it with mdadm doesn't seem to find anything either:

❯ sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdd
/dev/sdd:
MBR Magic : aa55
Partition[0] :   4294967295 sectors at            1 (type ee)

❯ sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb:
        Magic : a92b4efc
        Version : 1.0
    Feature Map : 0x0
    Array UUID : e7ee729e:81c9fc54:9ef2cf45:8173dd35
        Name : any:data
Creation Time : Fri Dec  4 18:03:31 2020
    Raid Level : raid0
Raid Devices : 2

Avail Dev Size : 1953525144 sectors (931.51 GiB 1000.20 GB)
Super Offset : 1953525152 sectors
        State : clean
    Device UUID : f5682d8a:9d938fc3:1d6d9493:b13a34a9

    Update Time : Fri Dec  4 18:03:31 2020
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset -8 sectors
    Checksum : e73a7989 - correct
        Events : 0

    Chunk Size : 64K

Device Role : Active device 0
Array State : AA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)

GParted couldn't find anything either. I've done disk data and partition recovery in the past as well as RAID rescue, but never from a RAID0 array with one of the drives, effectively deleted. Is it even possible to recover a RAID0 from this state, or should I just throw in the towel?